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INTRODUCTIONChapter 10 of the Indian Contract Act talks about the relationship between principal and agent. An agent, as per Section 182 of the aforementioned act, is a person hired to work on behalf of the individual known as a principal and represent him in dealings with third parties. This article demonstrates the rights, obligations, and responsibilities of a principal and the agent in general.   WHAT IS MEANT BY AGENCY? T... Read More

INTRODUCTIONSexual abuse is a pattern of behaviour. It is described as sexually inappropriate behaviour. Whether in an established, emerging, or undeveloped country, sexual harassment, and assault is a prevalent problems. Brutality towards women is prevalent worldwide. Regardless of how hard one wants to protect, ban, avoid, or provide remedies, violations will always occur. It is a felony committed against women, who are seen as the most vulnera... Read More

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INTRODUCTIONWhen a person is wrongfully terminated without any sufficient cause for termination, then it is known as wrongful termination of employment. The employer needs to give valid and strong grounds for terminating an employee. Wrongful termination can also include terminations where the employees are not given a chance to speak in their defence. The fundamental principle of Audi Alteram Partem stands violated when something like this happe... Read More

No more huge discounts by E-Commerce Enterprises: E-commerce enterprises are likewise prohibited from offering substantial discounts under current guidelines. Deep discounting is a predatory pricing strategy that entails taking losses until the opponent runs out of cash. There is no doubt that this policy is unethical and must be ended as soon as possible. Comparison to new rules: The draught e-commerce policy said, "Actions and things that ... Read More

IMPORTANCE THINGS TO REMEMBER DURING GST REGISTRATIONWHO HAS TO DO GST REGISTRATION?According to section 22, each provider who makes an available gracefully i.e flexibly of merchandise as well as administrations which are leviable to burden under GST law, and his total turnover in a budgetary year surpasses the edge furthest reaches of twenty lakh rupees will be at risk to enrol himself in the state or the association region of Delhi or Puducherr... Read More

"Attorneys in the country,they get silver for nought,They make men begin what they never had thought,And when they come to the ring, they hop if they can.All they can get that way, they think all is won for themWith skillNo man should trust them, so false are they in the bile"That’s exactly how the legal profession gained the spotlights with the hands of our scholars!The concept of the legal profession can be traced back to the formation of the... Read More

Trademark characterized under Section 2 (zb) of the Trade Marks Act, 1999 as, trademark implies a mark equipped for being spoken to graphically and which is fit for recognizing the products or administrations of one individual from those of others and may incorporate state of merchandise, their bundling and mix of hues.Registered mark or registered trademark can incorporate a gadget, brand, heading, name, ticket, name, signature, word, letter, n... Read More

The NSIC in concurrence with the Credit Rating Agencies and other groups had sought to form a scheme with relation to a Performance and Credit Rating Scheme for Micro & Small enterprises. The particular scheme was directed to confirm and establish the independent, trusted third party opinions on the capabilities and credit-worthiness of the MSEs. This also envisions to make credit available at attractive rates of interests which will ensure b... Read More

Restructuring of credit account implies a change in the structure of the record and the fundamental target is to protect the monetary estimation of the unit. Debt restructuring is a procedure that permits a borrower confronting income issues and budgetary trouble, to diminish and renegotiate its reprobate debts so as to improve or re-establish liquidity and restore with the goal that it can proceed with its activities.After restructuring, 'standa... Read More

Exporting and importing helps to grow national economies and expands the global market. Every country is endowed with certain advantages in resources and skills. Imports are essential for businesses and consumers. Consumers also gain from locally produced products with imported components as well as other products that are imported into the country. Oftentimes, imported products deliver a better price or more choices to consumers, which helps to ... Read More

PRIVATE COMPANY (Pvt Company)Section 2(68) of Companies Act, 2013 characterizes private companies. As indicated by that, Private limited company are those companies whose articles of association confine the transferability of shares and keep general society everywhere from buying into them. The Section further says Pvt Company can have a limit of 200 individuals (aside from One Person Companies). This number does exclude present and previous repr... Read More

There are 4 major types of arbitration in India:- Institutional ArbitrationA specialized institution takes over the process of arbitration and the role of an arbitrator. Every institution is governed by its own set of rules and framework.  This framework can include rules pertaining to the appointment of the arbitrator, filing of documents and procedures for making applications among other rules. There exists a separate and customized f... Read More

What is the mechanism of arbitration in India? The system of arbitration involves the following steps:-An agreement with an arbitration clause: -  Before the process of arbitration begins, it is mandatory that the parties have in place between them an arbitration agreement with an arbitration clause. In the absence of such an agreement, if the parties mutually agree to invoke arbitration, it is considered valid. Notice of arbitration: - Once t... Read More

International Commercial ArbitrationInternational Commercial Arbitration is any international arbitration between parties arising out of transactions that are considered commercial as per the laws of India and where one of the parties is –- “A national of, or habitual resident in, any country other than India or- A body corporate which has to be incorporated in any foreign country, or- An association or a body of individuals whose core manage... Read More

A business contract is required when firms or enterprises enter into contracts with consumers or customers for the sale of products or services. At any point when the services, products or duties are being traded or being transacted for some money, it is advisable to enter into a business contract to preserve and protect the rights of all the interested parties. The major elements of a business contract are as follows:-Description of Parties:- Th... Read More

When we talk about the importance of trademark registration, a very popular case that of Paytm and PayPal comes to mind. This trademark infringement matter showcases clearly the importance of trademark registration. In 2016, PayPal accused PayTm of copying its logo to attract more customers. PayPal in the complaint accused PayTm of using the same colour tone for its logo along with the first initial dark blue in colour and the second syllable lig... Read More

Mr Mittal runs a marketing agency with about 20 people working for his agency. As most small-sized enterprises, Mr Mittal does not see any need of hiring an HR or developing any HR policies for his organization. He does not understand the purpose behind developing these policies as he sees them nothing more than just complying with the law. What Mr Mittal is missing as most businessmen these days is that HR policies are not just a way for organiz... Read More

India’s slumping economic growth has forced the Indian Government to relax its strict fiscal deficit targets.Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on September 20, 2019, announced that there will be a reduction in the country’s effective corporate tax rate from 35% to 25%. Making the announcement, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman said the new tax rate will be applicable from the current fiscal which began on April 1 and for the companies tha... Read More

Meaning of Legal Notice under Code of Civil Procedure, 1908: A Legal Notice is filed generally in civil cases. There is no filing of the legal notice in a criminal case, as in case of a criminal offence the act is done by the State against the person who commits the offence as State has supreme power. In case, you want to initiate a civil suit/ case against the Government you have to give a legal notice to the Government beforehand and only after... Read More

Meaning of Legal Notice under Code of Civil Procedure, 1908: A Legal Notice is filed generally in civil cases. There is no filing of the legal notice in a criminal case, as in case of a criminal offense the act is done by the State against the person who commits the offence as the State has supreme power. In case, you want to initiate a civil suit/ case against the Government you have to give legal notice to the Government beforehand and only aft... Read More

Divorce is a legal dissolution of marriage. A divorce is among the most tragic and painful misfortune for any married couple. The whole procedure of divorce is definitely a tough affair to get through.Nowadays, the rate of Divorce is increasing, the stigma of divorce is vanishing, and all of this is happening because of the factor that human wants are becoming more complex. Human nature wants more, but are not willing to compromise and also very ... Read More

Sexual harassment can be very disturbing be it at anyplace and when it’s your workplace it becomes even hard as you have to visit and go through all the pain on a daily basis and in most of the cases there is sexual harassment of women at workplace.Sexual Harassment may include such unwelcome sexually determined behavior which may or may not he direct such as:a. Physical Contact And Advancesb. Asking for sexual favours c. Making sexual... Read More

Sexual harassment has as a term is a little difficult to define as it involves a range of behaviors. More often than not this term is subjected to various interpretations.Workplace sexual harassment is an unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature which unreasonably interferes with the performance of a person's job or creates a hostile work environment. Sexual harassment can involve persistent offensive sexual jokes or inappropriate touching or ... Read More

What is an FIR?A First Information Report is the initial step in a criminal case recorded by the police and contains the basic knowledge of the crime committed, place of commission, time of commission, who was the victim, etc. Under Indian criminal law, the informant, as seen earlier, is entitled to get a copy of the first information report lodged by him at the police station free of cost. It is a necessary document in a... Read More

An offence as described under Section 40 of the Indian Penal Code 1860 (“IPC”), denotes a thing made punishable by this Code. Thus any crime which the IPC designates as an offence will be punishable. It is also the morality of the society which helps in building a collective conscience as to what would amount to a crime and what would not. Offence is usually categorized as a bailable and non-bailable offence.Both the offences are defined unde... Read More

Taxation is a term for when a taxing authority, usually a government, levies or imposes a tax. The term "taxation" applies to all types of involuntary levies, from income to capital gains to estate taxes. Though taxation can be a noun or verb, it is usually referred to as an act; the resulting revenue is usually called "taxes.Different Types of Taxation:-Income tax: Governments impose income taxes on financial income generated by all entitie... Read More

With innovation and technology now reaching almost every sphere of our lives, the importance of intellectual property and creative ideas have now taken a center stage. With every big and small enterprise looking out for creative freelancers and advertising agencies for creative projects, Intellectual Property Rights has empowered the growth of ideas as well as technology.What is a trademark?A form of IPR, trademark means a mark capable of being r... Read More

Cheques are used in almost all transactions such as repayment of loan, payment of salary, bills, fees, etc. A vast majority of cheques are processed and cleared by banks on daily basis. Cheques are issued for the reason of securing proof of payment. Nevertheless, cheques remain a reliable method of payment for many people. On the other hand, it is always advisable to issue crossed “Account Payee Only” cheques in order to avoid its misu... Read More

What is the conviction of cyber crime defamation in India?Cyber defamation is publishing of defamatory material against another person with the help of computers or internet. If someone publishes some defamatory statement about some other person on a website or send emails containing defamatory material to other persons with the intention to defame the other person about whom the statement has been made would amount to cyber defamation. The... Read More

How can we raise online FIR against cyber crime?The increase in the internet usage over the last decade has resulted in increasing cyber crimes and cases of online cheating. It can be quite confusing for a cyber crime victim to understand the steps to register a cyber crime FIR. In the face of an adversity, it is essential to know how to file a cyber crime complaint in India?At least one cyber crime is reported every 10 minutes in India. I... Read More

There is a huge backlog of cases in India. Following the old Colonial traditional way, the Indian courts have been given too many holidays as result of which cases get Indian courts are clogged with long unsettled cases. The scenario is that even after setting up more than a thousand fast track Courts that already settled millions of cases the problem is far from being solved as pending cases are still piling up. As on November, 2019 more than 44... Read More

What is the Indian Government doing against cybercrime?The Government has taken following steps for prevention of Cyber Crimes:- i)        Training is imparted to Police Officers and Judicial officers in the Training Labs established by the Government. ii)       Programmes on Cyber Crime investigation. National Law School, Bangalore and NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad a... Read More

What is the conviction of cyber crime defamation in India? Cyber defamation is publishing of defamatory material against another person with the help of computers or internet. If someone publishes some defamatory statement about some other person on a website or send emails containing defamatory material to other persons with the intention to defame the other person about whom the statement has been made would amount to cyber defamation... Read More

How long does it take a lawyer to file an anticipatory bail in court? Anticipatory bail is meant to be a safeguard for a person who has false accusation or charges made against him/her, most commonly due to professional or personal enmity, as it ensures the release of the falsely accused person even before he/she is arrested. Unlock Legal Secrets Under Section 438 of the Criminal Procedure Code there is a provision for a person to seek �... Read More

What punishment should a person have to face under section 138? Under section 138 of N.I. Act provisions are for double of amount of cheque or one year imprisonment or both. This is a bailable offence. Though it is a summary suit of criminal nature, even the procedure of CrPC has to be adopted for evidence and cross examination of witnesses. There are guidelines from Supreme court to dispose of matter under section 138 of N.I. Act wit... Read More

What is section 138 of the negotiable instrument act? Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 provides for circumstances under which a case for dishonour of cheques is filed. It states that a cheque has to be presented to the bank within 6 months from the date on which it was drawn or within a period of its validity whichever is earlier. Also the following circumstances must be seen:- The payee or holder, during validity of... Read More

The dictionary defines copyright as "a person's exclusive right to reproduce, publish, or sell his or her original work of authorship (as a literary, musical, dramatic, artistic, or architectural work)."In rather simple words it means copyright is a law that gives you ownership over the things you create. Be it a painting, a photograph, a poem or a novel, if you created it, you own it and it’s the copyright law itself that assures that ownershi... Read More

A major chunk of the Indian market is constituted by its labour market. The conditions of the Indian labour market has evolved over the time, there was a time when the labour were put on the lowest footing and suffered hugely for the working conditions, proper pay, reasonable breaks etc.The key issues faced by EmployeesTime and again employee and labour unions have come together to unanimously demand their rights and get their grievances sorted. ... Read More

Intellectual Property is a type of property that includes intangible (i.e. invisible/untouchable) creations of human intellect. There are different kinds of intellectual properties, one of them is a trademark. A trademark can be a sign, design, symbol or a word which is legally registered or established by use which represents a company or a product. The aim of having a trademark is to protect the company or product from unauthorized use or infri... Read More

Rights of a User under GDPR: Chapter 3 of the General Data Protection Regulation act has mentioned 8 rights for users that guide in the drafting of policies. These rights represent a rudimentary checklist of sorts, where no provision of the policy should be violative of these, while all eight are included in no uncertain terms. The user has to be actively intimated that he/she has access to these rights under your privacy policy. These rights are... Read More

In a world where there are diverse opinions and people, it is evident that disputes and feuds are omnipresent. Many times we come across a situation where we are wronged by an individual. In such a situation the law stands firm to rescue out of the wrong. Therefore it is very important to correctly initiate the process of securing justice through a Law SuitWhat is a Law Suit?The lawsuit is a civil proceeding filed by a party or parties against e... Read More

With new businesses and services emerging each day, the need for protecting Intellectual Property Rights is the need of the hour. But while the law proves to be an asset when it comes to protecting an individual’s physical property it might not come handy when it comes to an intellectual one.What is intellectual property?Intellectual property is a term that defines a category of individual’s property that includes intangible creations of the ... Read More

Offer and AcceptanceOffer: Section 2(a) of the Indian Contract Act states that if a person shows a willingness to do something or abstain from doing something with a view to seeking approval from the other person is said to make a proposal or offer.Offer is of 5 types:Implied offer: Section 9 of the Indian Contract Act talks about the implied offer that if the promise is made or the proposal is made not by words but by expression or conduct is ca... Read More

Content of a legal notice: The legal notice is the first step for proceeding with legal actions, therefore there has to be all the important information mentioned in the legal notice. The contents of a legal notice are:Basic details:- Name, address of the person to whom it is sent, and the sender.Cause of action: The manner of legal notice should be paragraphs that should contain the facts of the issue and the issues the sender has with the perso... Read More